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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron sends a message to another, it makes use of neurotransmitters or chemicals. They need to cross a tiny gap called a synapse. Some ADHD medications help in the passing along of these messages more efficient. They can help neurons release more neurotransmitters or slow down the process of reuptake (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors start people with ADHD with a small dose of medication and observe their reactions. They alter the dosage as they go along to determine an “sweet spot” -the lowest dosage that shows an immediate improvement in symptoms and minimal adverse effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the primary type of medication doctors often try to help kids with ADHD. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine that is present in children's brains which help them focus and pay attention. It also reduces their impulsivity and hyperactivity. Be aware that methylphenidate should only be used under an appointment with a doctor since it is a controlled substance. The most commonly used methylphenidate medicine is Ritalin. It is available in tablets that release immediately (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets that are long-acting (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Certain versions of the medication contain aspartame (an artificial sweetener) which can be harmful for those suffering from Phenylketonuria, a genetic condition causing severe intellectual disability. Be sure to inform your doctor about any food allergies that you or your child may have. Researchers have found that methylphenidate decreases abnormal activity in certain areas of the brain, which includes the nucleus accumbens as well as the brain's three networks that play a role in the process of adaptive control. This could explain why methylphenidate is considered to be one of the most effective medications for treating ADHD. Stimulants can trigger side effects that can include the loss of appetite as well as stomach upset, sleepiness headache, anxiety, disturbances and antics. These aren't common but they could be serious. You should contact your doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. Tell your doctor about any allergies, heart disease, depression, bipolar disorder and other mental health issues such as glaucoma, seizures or glaucoma. Also, inform them if your child or you have a history. It is important to take methylphenidate as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can help you focus your thoughts and avoid distractions by speeding up the communication between brain cells. These are the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating ADHD in both children and adults. They increase the levels neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting varieties. They can be consumed orally or via injection. Some people have a tough to deal with the negative side effects of stimulant medications like insomnia, restlessness, or an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor your symptoms and adjust your dosage to find the best one for you. Some people may need to take multiple medications to achieve the desired result. The effects of stimulants are mediated by two neurotransmitters that are essential to the pre-frontal cortex. This is the brain part that helps regulate emotions and control your behavior. These drugs are used to treat a range of mental health problems, including ADD/ADHD, depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. Amphetamines and methylphenidates are among the most common stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved a variety of brand-name stimulants for treating ADHD. They are available in a variety of types, from short-acting up to long-acting and are administered either by injection or orally. Amphetamines are often abused by teens who use them to stay awake and study for tests or by truck drivers and students that require an extra boost of energy to compete in endurance sports. They can also trigger physical and psychological problems if misused, particularly in higher doses. Non-stimulant drugs can also be effective in treating ADHD. They include atomoxetine and clonidine and guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They are made up of the same chemical that stimulants are, but they are less likely to exacerbate the tics of people suffering from Tourette syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These medications are used for treating teens and children suffering from ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in patches and liquids, as well as pills that can either be swallowed or chewed. They are typically only available through prescription. These medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants are fast-acting and last for 3 to 6 hours. These medications ease the symptoms of 70 percent to 80% of children and adults suffering from ADHD. They decrease the amount of fidgeting, interrupting and make it easier for you to complete tasks. They also help improve academic performance and relationships. But they don't solve the root causes of ADHD. So it's important to use them in conjunction with behavioral therapy. It's also important to recognize that ADHD medicines have side effects. You might feel tired or cranky, or even sleepy. These effects are usually mild and disappear as soon as the medication is gone from your system. Your doctor will probably recommend taking only a small amount at first and then increase it gradually. They'll monitor how the medication affects you or your child and check for any issues. Finding the best medication for you or your children could take some time. It is recommended to speak openly with your health professional. They might suggest changes to the frequency at which you or your child takes the medication, or even whether it's necessary at all. They'll also be looking to determine whether your child or you has any other medical or mental health issues. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants are used to treat ADHD symptoms by altering the activities of key neurotransmitters in the brain. This boosts the levels of norepinephrine as well as dopamine, two chemicals important for the pre-frontal cortical area of the brain. (Think of it as “your secretary” in the executive part of your mind). The majority of children with ADHD respond well to stimulant medication. Your doctor will help you determine the right dosage and medication for you. It is possible to try various types of medicines before finding the one that is most effective for you or your child. You can take stimulants that release immediately in liquid form or chewable tablets. These drugs start working quickly and last for three to four hours. Some people have a problem after the medication has worn off, a process known as the “crash effect.” It usually results in an abrupt decrease in energy and can result in intense hunger. There are also long-acting stimulants like dexamfetamine and Lisdexamfetamine. They are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream and are then converted from inactive active in red blood cells. It takes time to determine the right medication, dosage, and schedule for your child or you. Your doctor will be monitoring your reaction to the medication and will look for any signs of trouble such as sleep issues. If you or your child isn't responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medication. Never stop or alter your ADHD medication without first consulting your doctor. It's also important to inform your doctor about any over-the counter medications and supplements you are taking, because certain of them may interfere with certain ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in reducing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior as well as impulsivity, fidgeting and fidgeting. They can also increase focus and help people complete tasks and maintain relationships. However, they might not alleviate moodiness or other irritable symptoms. They can also cause side effects like loss of appetite, insomnia, jitteriness, stomachaches, changes in heart rhythm and high blood pressure. These medications work in phases to treat ADHD symptoms all day long. The majority of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes. They fade after 3 to 6 hours. They can be used by themselves or with other types of ADHD treatment, such as behavioral therapy. Some of these stimulants that act long-lastingly such as the atomoxetine (Strattera) and guanfacine-ER (Intuniv) will last throughout the night and into the next morning. Some doctors suggest using them to fill up an afternoon trough so that patients do not require an additional dose of medication at school or afterschool. Long-acting stimulants don't boost dopamine levels as dramatically as short- and intermediate-acting drugs, yet they boost the levels of dopamine significantly. medication for adult add IamPsychiatry don't have the same effects on rebound as stimulants with shorter durations. Due to the possibility of adverse effects, long-acting stimulants are typically prescribed as a last-line treatment for older teens suffering from ADHD. But they can be utilized as a first-line treatment to some people with ADHD who haven't been able to respond to other medications. While medication can aid in improving concentration and self control but it's not the only option for those with ADHD. With the help of healthy sleep habits, healthy diets, and other self-help techniques it's often possible to reduce or even eliminate the need for ADHD medication.